Part 34
In Europe, the war dragged on. The Anglo-Prussian Alliance served well, since the British Navy, and their soldiers could focus on taking out overseas colonies, while the drilled and powerful Prussian Army, bolstered by Turkish numbers held the enemies at bay. In Iberia, back and forth battles continued, with the Turks pouring in men from their African holdings. Mamluks, Berber warriors and Moorish horsemen all fought alongside the Granadans and the British.
During the lull in the fighting over the winter, the French and Spanish worked hard to bring the Italian League on their side. When campaigning season was back on, over 45 000 Italians poured into Ottoman Italia, finally capturing Rome in a brief two day siege. The Italians smashed through the weak Turkish defenses that could be mustered. But after calling in reinforcements from Egypt, Anatolia and Syria, they were stopped near Naples. With the main Ottoman force in Hungary, the soldiers in Italy were scraped from the bottom of the barrel, so the Italian League continued pushing the Ottomans back inch by inch.
Another nail upon the Ottoman's was a massive Russian invasion into the Ottoman Balkans and Caucasus. The Russians had steadily been decreasing their presence against the Prussians, and mobilizing their total force to strike hard against the Ottomans, crossing the Danube and striking against Dobruja and the Black Sea coast, while another force pushed into the Caucasus. The Ottomans alarmed at fighting a war on so many fronts were forced to pull out the forces operating in Granada, allowing the Spanish a string of victories and threatening Seville again, until enough Anglo-Portuguese units could fill in the vacuum. Large amounts of units were transported from Syria and Mesopotamia, garrisons in Anatolia were emptied and the Timurids in Iran long on great relations with their Sunni compatriots pledged thousands of troops in the Caucasus. In the Balkans, the Russians continued their successes, but they were stopped dead in the Caucasus by an army of 75 000 under the command of Tamsahip Shah of Persia. The Ottomans also appealed to their long time allies in the Shaybanid Empire to attack the Russians in the east. Mohammad Riyaz Khan the Shaybanid Emperor was persuaded to launch over 125 000 hardened Turkic tribesmen deep into the Russian Volga basin. The Russians had thought that the recent internal strife in Central Asia would prevent them from aiding the Ottomans, but it would seem they had miscalculated. The Shaybanids rushed at Astrakhan, and after a long siege it fell to the Uzbek hordes. In conjunction with Ottoman units, an attack pierced deep along the Volga river, sacking Volgograd and even going as far north as Saratov. This attack on the Russians eased the pressure on the Prussians, allowing them to make a counter-offensive against the Russians. The Ottomans were persuaded to keep a strong presence in Hungary, so the Austrians wouldn't be able to capitalize on the Prussian offensives. By summer's end the Russians were in a dire situation. The Volga and Ural regions were under constant raids by the Turkic tribes, the Prussians were making major offensives, and the Swedes seemed to be stirring. The Ottomans had beat back some of the largest offensives in several decades, and not to mention the Empress was sickly. More troubling news arose from the east.
Chinese Emperor Qianlong embarked on a series of military campaigns that crushed the Zhungars in the late 1750s. During that time, Zhungar prince Amarsanaa caused a lot of trouble for the Qing throne, often evading the Chinese armies and re-starting revolts and uprisings that have been previously crushed. in 1764, Qianlong reportedly amassed an army of 400,000 in order to finally crush the Zhungars. While these nomads were quickly subdued, in the end of June 1764, their leader Amarsanaa disappeared. Not until November 1, 1764 did the Qing authorities find out that he had gone to Russia, but by then he was already dead. Qing officials were able to piece together that after disappearing from Zungaria, he had gathered 4,000 followers and fled toward the Kazakh steppe to seek protection. But that time, the Kazakh Sultan recognized the authority of the Qing Dynasty and refused to aid Amarsanaa. He then fled to Russia and in Tobolsk (Western Siberia) he fell ill to small pox and died on September 21, 1765. Emperor Qianlong was unconvinced that his old adversary was really dead. He demanded that Russian officials return his body to China so it could be properly identified. The Russians refused, but offered to send the body to Selenginsk in Siberia to allow Qing officials to examine it there. Qianlong was furious with the Russians' refusal to send him the body, he halted trade between China and Russia and threatened to send his armies into Russia. Qing supply lines were very advanced, and allowed Qianlong to send armies to capture the Amur Basin. Russian irregulars, along with a spattering of trained garrisons armed with advanced flintlock muskets and western doctrine were able to hold off massive Qing armies, inflicting thousands of casualties. Clearly these were not the same Russians that the Manchu had faced before. Although the superiority of numbers won out, the impression this left on Qianlong was large. Ambassadors sent to Moscow reported that the Russians had undertaken reforms, that allowed them hundreds of years of progress in a generation. Qianlong was struck in awe. The Russians were forced to cede Irkutsk and Nerchink. While at the time, it was a small border conflict, in the long run this would turn out to be a battle of macro-historical context.
In the continent of Jadid, The Viceroy of New France began to support several Aboriginal tribes on the Great Plains, to carry out raids and fierce attacks against the Turks. The Ottomans had transported a great number of Tatar horsemen to the plains, where they lived off the fat Dutch and French holdings. To combat the French, the Emir of Al-Messtli gathered all his forces, the Janissary Contingents, militias, native allies such as the Cherokee and Apache, and the Crimean horsemen to total an army of 15 000 men. The French and their Indian allies were only able to muster 8000 men. But both armies were large for the new continent. The armies met near the French settlement of St.Miquelon. The resulting battle was large and bloody, and saw the death of the General Pierre Bourassa, a death which would forever be immortalized, and used as an excuse by the French population to carry out their war against the Turks. While the battle was a strategic stalemate, it had long-running consequences.
By the beginning of 1766, most of the powers had been bled dry. The Ottomans were facing internal revolt, and their armies were facing heavy attrition, not to mention the never-ending warfare. The Russians were beleagured on all sides. The Prussians, Austrians, and French were nearing mutiny, and the British had faced heavy losses. The powers all met on the table in Sicily, in the city of Balhurm.
(Peace deserves it's own update. Itll come tomorrow or the day after)
Regards to DCInsider