Based loosely on a Poul Anderson “Time Patrol” scenario - in this TL, the Hohenstaufen line of German emperors was much more successful than OTL. At it’s peak, the Holy Roman Empire ruled over Europe from the Pyrenees to the Ukraine, carried out a 15th and 16th century “Reconquista” against the Muslims in North Africa and the Holy Land, pushed aside the Iberians in grabbing the better bits of the “New World”, and stomped the English something fierce when they disrespected the commands of the emperor’s pet Pope.
But all things come to an end, and the Empire fell apart rather messily in the 18th century. Now, some two and a half centuries after the burning of the Imperial capital, and various failed efforts at reunification, bets are being laid on two new major competitors in the reunification sweepstakes, arising in what OTL would have been Southern France and Poland (mostly German speaking in this TL). The other major heir to imperial glory, the renewed Byzantine polity, is presently too busy preventing the Holy Land from being overrun by Egypt’s wacky Sudanese dynasty to play.
Opposed are the southern English, the Danish/old Saxon dynasty, and the Popes, who have regained their autonomy since the collapse of the empire, and are in no mood to be once again subordinated to a new universal empire. The Iberians and the various shaky and mostly mixed-race kingdoms and principalities of the mostly German-speaking Americas aren’t entirely keen on the idea, either, but the regeneration of Islam is worrying a lot of people, and the French emperor-to-be is sending troops to support the shaky Christian statelets of North Africa to bolster his crusader image.
Islam is indeed expanding: in North Africa, where Egypt and Libya have once again fallen to Islam over the course of the 19th and 20th centuries: in West Africa, where Arab refugees from the 15th century onward have played a major role in the building of stronger, more efficiently governed states: in the Americas, where the Hanifid sultanate has expanded mightily south at the expense of the thin Germanic population of what in our world would be Argentina and Uruguay: and in the far east, where the coup of converting Japan has added a new and energetically expanding center to the world of Islam. (Muslims themselves are rather uncertain as to whether this is a positive achievement. The Japanese version of Islam is kinda weird, and very few outside Nihon accepts that the Japanese emperor is a descendant of Mohammed and various other prophets.)
The most politically and economically advanced of the Christian states is the North Karolina Confederation, which is about on the political and economic level of 17th century Holland, albeit with more petty local noblemen, more internal squabbles between the various provinces, and rather more unhappy Indians. They’re busy building a major trade empire abroad, hampered by the fact that Christian-Muslim relations in this world are rather worse than OTL during the Age Of Discovery. They don’t like the idea of a unified Europe with claims to rulership over the Americas either, and there has been some talk of taking a role in European affairs – but that will cost money, and the mercantile and land-holding elites of the Confederation are still unsure as to whether the threat is serious enough to raise taxes over.
In SE Asia, the energetic new Hindu dynasty, having successfully driven the Muslims from southern India in the wake of the collapse of the last great Muslim empire (NOT the Mughals: butterflies) are now competing for influence in SE Asia vs. the Japanese, whose corsairs have now grown bold enough in the Indian ocean to raid the Keralan’s commerce. War threatens, but some in the royal court murmur that this will waste energies best employed in keeping the armies of the northern frontiers strong, and in any event, it is only low-castes and members of the remaining Muslim minority who engage in the polluting activity of sea travel. Perhaps the Empire should abandon overseas trade if it leads to expensive commitments abroad, and should let the Buddhist kingdoms of SE Asia to sink or swim by themselves in the face of Japanese expansion.
China is currently in the midst of a dispute over the ownership of the Mandate of Heaven, which should be resolved any generation or so now. Given that the telescope, recently developed by Persian scholars, is the technological miracle of the age, and OTLs 16th century methods of military organization would be considered “cutting-edge”, the Chinese have largely been left on their own during their current disputations.
Bruce