I did work out a detailed nutritional profile for the red yam at one point, but managed to misplace it.
In general terms, red yams have a higher calorie yield than African yams, slightly higher protein content, and lower water content. The lower water content is due to selection for versions for year round storage, and the same effect leads to the increase in calories and protein. In terms of micronutrients, the biggest difference is that the red yam is an excellent source of provitamin A (the same carotenoid compounds which gives it its colour can also be broken down into vitamin A). Most other micronutrients are broadly similar, although red yams are slightly higher in potassium and somewhat lower in copper and phosphorus.
The red yam being a source of vitamin A will play a minor point later in the timeline when it turns out that Aururian populations (and anyone else who has the red yam as a staple component of their diet) don't get night blindness or the other consequences of vitamin A deficiency.